IPOB was designated a terrorist group in Nigeria in September 2017. We have been very careful in our association with the Biafra movement, because we didnt want to destabilize the region, but we have been cornered, he said from his base in Hong Kong. According to John Campbell of the Council on Foreign Relations, separatist sentiment has been growing in Nigeria since Muhammadu Buharis 2015 presidential election. Too dangerous at the moment. From Nigeria's Biafra to Cameroon's Ambazonian, and Ethiopia's Tigray, the daily heightened tensions show that many African . Delivered Monday-Friday. The people of Northern and Southern Cameroons under the umbrella of the Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF) finally decided to affirm the independence of the English . List of countries in Africa. The Ambazonia dispute arose from the disposition of Germany's African colonies after World War I. [8], The term "Ambazonia" is derived from the word Ambozes, the local name for the bay at the mouth of the Wouri river, known in English as Ambas Bay. The two also discussed climate cooperation with China, the road to COP28, and much else. Blue stands for the Meme River and Liberty. Armed alliance between IPOB, Ambazonia could destabilise West and Central Africa; Daniel admitted in an interview with Foreign Policy that the alliance could destabilise West and Central Africa, with Nigeria being the largest economy in West Africa, and Cameroon, one of the major countries in Central Africa. NEW FOR SUBSCRIBERS: In 2016 and 2017, a widespread protest movement was met with a violent government crackdown, which led to rioting and violence against security forces and, in 2017, a unilateral declaration of independence by Ambazonian leaders. Red Star stands for Strength, bloodshed, bravery and leadership). t.src = v; Watch the video now! White stands for Hope, Peace and wisdom under God. The only other country is Eritrea that beat Ethiopia to the game. Ambazonia terrorists Beheading a woman in Muyuka, SW region of Cameroon, 11 Aug 2020. Evening roundup with our editors favorite stories of the day. In October 2017, English-speaking separatists declared a breakaway state known as "Ambazonia". Targeted ethnic violence against the Igbos by Fulani and other northern Nigerian ethnic groups was one of several factors that led to the civil war in the 1960s. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Steve Bannons Man in Italy Has Big Plans, The Hidden History of the Worlds Top Offshore Cryptocurrency Tax Haven, Irans Protests Are Nowhere Near Revolutionary. At independence, a plebiscite was held, and voters in Southern Cameroons opted to join Cameroon as a constituent state of a federal republic. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory.No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . Districts are further divided into Sub-Districts (Wards) headed by a Ward councilor who is appointed by a District Officer. [25], On 21 April 1961, UN resolution 1608 (XV) set 1 October 1961 as the date of independence for the Southern Cameroons. FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. The scope of the alliance will include joint operations and training bases, Capo Daniel, the deputy defense chief of the Ambazonia Defense Forces, the military wing of the Ambazonia Governing Council, told Foreign Policy. Stay updated on the topics you care about with email alerts. Symbolism (Blue stands for the Ndian River, Akpa Yafe River, the Ocean and Liberty. Violence by both sides undermined negotiations in early 2017, which fell apart without an agreement. [38][39] Due to harassment and arrests by the government, many leaders of he SCNC and other organizations fled the country. [6] Ambazonian forces have struggled to form a united front, and internecine conflicts have hampered efforts to negotiate with Cameroon or establish control over the various militia groups engaged in the fighting. The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay, the area of a settlement of freed slaves which is regarded as the boundary between Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon. Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent. In early 1985, Anglophone lawyer and President of the Cameroon Bar Association Fon Gorji Dinka circulated a number of essays and pamphlets arguing that the Biya government was unconstitutional and calling for an independent Republic of Ambazonia. The Nigerian and Cameroonian militaries are well equipped and well trained, as both countries receive military support and training from foreign governments including the United States, France, and the United Kingdom for anti-terrorism efforts. Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Camero Want to read more on this topic or region? [54] Sako resisted, leading to the 2019 Ambazonian leadership crisis. Any of the states can secede from the federation based on a referendum that supports it, provided certain constitutional laws and human rights are broken. Red stands for the strength of the people. Your email address will not be published. I still do not understand why the United Nations did not give a third option, Feh Henry Baaboh, a legal expert in Doula, told DW. [45] The Cameroonian government stated that the declaration had no legal weight[46] and on November 30, 2017, the President of Cameroon signaled a harder line on separatist attacks on police and soldiers. Cameroon Bank, West Cameroon Marketing Board, WADA in Wum, West Cameroon Cooperative Movement. Ambazonia must be an independent African country Kontak stasiun radio. In 2018, Nigerian security forces located, arrested, and extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the country. Prior to Cameroons independence in 1961, Southern Cameroons was administered as a UN Trust territory. The previous year, Nigerian security forces arrested more than 30 other Anglophone activists. Join in-depth conversations and interact with foreign-policy experts with. The armed insurgency has turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly . Blue stands for the sky, liberty. Black stands for the People and Culture. Flying bird stands for Freedom, wisdom and protection). Ambazonia enjoys good relations with members of the West African Union, and other Anglophone African nations. Although the government has made some concessions, it must rebuild mutual trust with Anglophone actors in order to avoid instability ahead of the 2018 general elections. [30] Ambazonian nationalists have claimed that the referendum was not free and fair. t.async = !0; Download the FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. [27], Flag of Boyo. Despite a shared religion, the increasing involvement of Fulani in Cameroons Anglophone conflict is unlikely to fuse with the Boko Haram insurgency in the Far North region, and there is no evidence to suggest there has been a merging of the conflicts thus far, according to Akem Kelvin Nkwain, a human rights officer at CHRDA. n.push = n; }(window, document, 'script', Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. Explore the benefits included in your subscription. [25], Flag of Bui. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is a secessionist state of Cameroon, self-proclamed in its English-speaking regions. In 1919, Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally surrendered its colonies to the Allies. sia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. facebookTracking(); Blue stands for the Menchum River and surrounding lakes, as well as Liberty. Talks have now begun between the government and a key separatist faction headed by imprisoned leader, Sisiku Julius AyukTabe. European traders from several nations visited Ambas Bay beginning with the Portuguese in the 1470s. President Ahmadou Ahidjo used the continuing war and the vagueness of many provisions of the Constitution, to consolidate power. t = b.createElement(e); [29], After achieving near total control over East Cameroon, in spring 1972 president Ahidjo targeted the autonomous powers of West Cameroon. Official results claimed 98.2% turnout and 99.99% of votes in favor of the new constitution. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. The county-minister appoints members to the County Councils, either from the party or from locals with important skills. Located between the Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa, during the colonial era the country's southern part . (Various separatist leaders deny that financial support has waned; however, fighters and aid workers on the ground confirm that extortion of war taxes and kidnap-for-ransom schemes are now the main income source to support ongoing fighting.) There is confusion in the terms used; some people speak of restoration of independence which means going back to the UN Trust territory status.. The Bahamas represents how global capitalism can go very right, and very wrong, at exactly the same time. !function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) { It is located between Nigeria to the west and north, and Cameroun to the east; it is wedged between West Africa and the former French Equatorial Africa. The golden sun stands for a new era, hope, wealth and prosperity. Other major cities in the subregion include Mogadishu in Somalia, and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Many believe that it is only a return to the country's two-state federation that will end the conflict and break the impasse. A year after the invasion, Ukraine is riddled with Russian collaborators and sympathizers. [33] On 6 November 1982, Ahidjo resigned and handed over power to Paul Biya who continued Ahidjo's policies and, after a falling out with Ahidjo and attempted coup by Ahidjo supporters, consolidated power in himself. For Saudis like me, nothing could be more disheartening than a divorce from the United States. Even so, a further exacerbation of ethnic tensions involving the Fulani in Cameroon is likely to have a ripple effect across the region. } In 1990, opposition political parties were legalized and John Ngu Foncha, the leading Anglophone in Cameroon's government, resigned from the governing party and encapsulated much of the dissatisfaction with the central government's attitude toward the Anglophone regions in his public resignation letter: [I]t became clear to me that I had become an irrelevant nuisance that had to be ignored and ridiculed. Delivered Wednesday. Counties are further divided into Districts (Local Government Areas) governed by a District Officer who is voted into office during State elections. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the land and growth of the nation. The Sun stands for the Birth of a new day, prosperity. Let us see if the so-called Human "Rice" Watch will utter a statement. How does industry define morality? Cameroon's anglophone minority has long complained of discrimination at the hands of the French-speaking majority. It is bordered by Nigeria to the northwest; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; the Republic of the Congo to the southeast; Gabon and Equatorial Guinea to the south; and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. Ambazonia, Cameroon After World War I, the German colony of Cameroon was placed under a British and French mandate. Modern Peanuts of Cameroon: Selling with style. It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. Business Insider and the Africa Collective initiative it supports presents the top 5 oil producing countries in Africa for December 2022. Prince Ojong. In 1972, Cameroon held a controversial referendum which changed the form of the state. Gold Star stands for Leadership, wisdom and perseverance). In 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed Victoria. De facto, Buea is the capital. All projects of the former West Cameroon I had either initiated or held very dear to my heart had to be taken over, mismanaged and ruined, e.g. When Germany lost her African colonies during the First World War (1914-1918), Cameroon ceased to be a German colony in 1916. A bit isolated from the other volcanoes is the Mount Fako (Mount Cameroon) near the very Southern Tip of Ambazonia. History. African news. List of countries (or dependencies) in Africa ranked by population, from the most populated. In 1966, he succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party state. It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. [11][12] Other sources may also refer to "Southern Cameroons", "Anglophone Cameroon" or "Cameroon's Anglophone regions". Gorji Dinka became the first head of the Ambazonia Restoration Council. Two of its border regions with Nigeria (northwest and southwest) are Anglophone, while the rest of the country . The main point is that I'm pretty sure that Biafra 2.0 and Ambazonia will try to form a new country together in the end, although there's no talk about it now. The National flag is raised at federal institutions or on federal property. This is going to be a very good opportunity for us, because what we see on the field is there have been some alliances between the Cameroon government and Fulani, Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy military leader, said. Ambazonia is admitted to the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Keep up with the world without stopping yours. Premiers (or State Governors) are responsible for State finance and economic developments. In December 2020, Kanu announced the creation of the Eastern Security Network, a pro-Biafra paramilitary wing, which Nigerian authorities have accused of carrying out a spate of attacks this year. Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961. [18], In 1957, United Nations Resolutions 1064 (XI) of 26 Feb 1957 and 1207 (XII) of Dec 13, 1957 called on the Administering Authorities to hasten arrangements for Trust territories to attain self-governance or independence. These political changes were viewed by many Anglophone people as an attempt to absorb or do away with all that they brought into the union-including the legal, political and educational systems. So this is very big for our cause, in our fight against these Fulani, particularly those who are coming in from Nigeria.. The English speaking people of Southern Cameroons are demanding an independent, sovereign nation they call Ambazonia.Thanks for watching, please kindly Subsc. Strategically located in the Gulf of Guinea at the hinge of Africa, Ambazonia is bordered to the east . In Cameroon, Anglophone separatists have stepped up attacks against government security forces, using improvised explosive devices to target military convoys in at least 30 different attacks in 2021, according to reports from the U.N., the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project (ACLED), and a spokesperson from the Cameroonian military. On April 26, five government security forces were killed in Port Harcourt. Jess Craig is an independent journalist based in Central Africa. County flags are symbolic for their respective county and may have several meanings. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on Want to read more on this topic or region? In 1962, he arrested and imprisoned a number of prominent (Francophone) political opponents on charges of subversion and criticizing the state. Placing the blame for Cameroon's underdevelopment and poorly implemented public policies on the federal structure and arguing that managing separate governments in a poor country was too expensive, he announced a referendum on a new constitution, which did away with the federal structure in favor of a unitary state and granted more power to the President. [30], Flag of Mezam County. 1961. November 20, 2017. However, in the 1880s, the Scramble for Africa reached full swing with European powers rushing to gain diplomatic or military control over Africa to secure colonial claims. In the north it is separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, in the northeast, is separated from Asia by the Suez Canal and farther by the Red Sea. As large parts of Ambazonia are in the Western High Plateau, they have a somewhat cooler climate than the surrounding areas in Cameroon and Nigeria. In 1967, following two failed military coups and targeted ethnic violence and persecution, the Igbo people came together to form the secessionist state of Biafra, triggering a brutal two-year civil war during which the Nigerian military imposed a blockade of the state, which caused between 500,000 to 2 million civilians to die from starvation. [13], The flagpole of the National flag must always be higher than the flagpole of the State flag. Cameroon's Separatist Movement Is Going International - Foreign Policy Ambazonia Military Forces General John, who says he commands thousands of rebel soldiers in Ambazonia, poses with his. [4] Meanwhile, Cameroonian security forces have funneled weapons to the Mbororo communities that have gone on to attack English-speaking farmers, a CHRDA report notes. Rooster stands for Courage, leadership and protection.[28]. Symbolism (White stands for Purity, innocence, peace. The Prefect/ District Officer forms the District Council (Local Government). Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the land, Growth and prosperity. The English speaking region is considered an opposition bastion. The name is derived from Ambas Bay, the bay at the territory's sea coast directly facing the Equatoguinean Island of Bioko. In 1995, over the objection of some Anglophone Cameroonians, Cameroon was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations recognizing former Southern Cameroon's history as a British colony. [9] The name was coined by Fon Gorji Dinka in 1984 as part of a campaign for the restoration of autonomy and preservation of Anglophone institutions in the region.[10]. [4], Each of the three states are entitled to a flag and an, a sign of their importance within the federation and their culture. Dissatisfaction with these agreements led to the brief Douala War in 1884, in which Germany assisted its local allies in winning, essentially cementing its colonial position in Cameroon and by 1887 Britain had abandoned its claims in the region.[13][14]. For its part, the Ambazonia movement says it will share lessons in making the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon ungovernable, a tactic that has largely been achieved. The pro-Biafran movement, led by Nigerias minority ethnic Igbo community, has deep historical roots. The groups will work to secure their shared border and ensure an open exchange of weapons and personnel, representatives of both the Ambazonia and IPOB movements said. Download the new FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. History of Ambazonia (Source: Wikipedia) Ambazonia is the territory formerly known as the British Southern Cameroons. [37] At a second All Anglophone Conference held in Bamenda the call for the Cameroon government to accept a return to the two state federation was reiterated with some voices explicitly calling for secession. The worlds longest-serving autocrat will be feted this week in Washington. Cameroon has maintained a bilingual system but the English speakers feel oppressed, The 1961 [Cameroon] constitution gave room for a federation, attorney Henry Baaboh said. Ainsi va l'Afrique. The Cameroonian government is seeking to implement a 1996 law it refused to enact for over two decades. [33], Flag of Ndian County. Amabazonia since 2016 protests are defended by many separatist groups spearheaded by Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF), famously known as 'the boys'. He. The Ambazonia Defense Forces see the Biafra-Ambazonia alliance as a critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks. [27] Along with the new constitution, the country's name was changed from 'Federal Republic of Cameroon' to the 'United Republic of Cameroon'. However, many towns and villages in the hinterlands had no German administration and may have only seen German soldiers a handful of times. Today, pro-Biafra activists use incendiary language, referring to the Fulani as terrorists, to incite violence. Hassan Mounp is a man with big plans for his small peanut-selling business. The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Four stripes represent the Four districts of the county). During this period various independence and federalist factions joined to form the Southern Cameroons National Council, a pressure group which undertook initiatives at the UN, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Commonwealth, and with national embassies to bring attention to the region and Anglophone issues in Cameroon. The next day, armed gunmen attacked a police station in the same area. In 1993, the All Anglophone Conference took place in Buea bringing together all Southern Cameroons citizens who called for the restoration of the federal system. For the past three weeks, an encampment of activists from Ambazonia, the English-speaking territory also known as Southern Cameroon, has been holding vigil outside the Nigerian Embassy in South . The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. Zinchenko: Soccer symbolises Ukraine fight, Pender County Humane Society holding Pet Pals Foto Fundraiser, UK government bonds sell off on higher interest rate expectations, Bishops in western Cameroon concerned war will keep kids from school, Several killed in Cameroon as anglophones declare independent Ambazonia EURACTIV.com, Biafra, Ambazonia, Oduduwa to march at EU headquarters, says IPOB | The Guardian Nigeria News, Latin American exports lose momentum in 2022 and 2023, report by IDB Bank MercoPress, VSBLTY Selected As A Systems Integrator For Intel Smart Edge, AMBAZONIA ARMAGEDDON: Sinkhole Swallowing BIR Terrorists And Paul Biyas Militia Zombies, Keir Starmer says Rishi Sunak should apologise for lethal chaos in NHS under his watch UK politics live | Politics, Latest Updates From the World Economic Forum, Yakima Humane Society participating in 'Betty White Challenge' KIMA CBS 29. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. This insurgent group has mostly conducted its operations in Borno state, displacing millions of people. Political exclusion, economic exploitation and cultural assimilation were criticized more and more openly. All the roads in West Cameroon my government had either built, improved or maintained were allowed to deteriorate making Kumba-Mamfe, Mamfe-Bamenda, Bamenda-Wum-Nkambe, Bamenda-Mom inaccessible by road. Of many provisions of the stories shaping geopolitics on the topics you care about with email alerts to... Camero Want to read anytime, anywhere interact with foreign-policy experts with so-called Human & quot ; on 26... Akpa Yafe River, Akpa Yafe River, the flagpole of the majority! Apart without an agreement in Port Harcourt us answer those questions a handful of times and extradited 10 Cameroonian leaders... Historical roots Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons in 1962, he succeeded in banning opposition parties! Located in the 1470s has long complained of discrimination at the hinge of Africa, during the colonial the. By Nigerias minority ethnic Igbo community, has deep historical roots = 0... Freedom, wisdom and perseverance ) in early 2017, which fell apart without agreement! Finance and economic developments in 1972, Cameroon held a controversial referendum which changed the form the. Countries in Africa ranked by population, from the disposition of Germany & # x27 ; s minority! The National flag is raised at federal institutions or on federal property a in... The game placed under a British and French mandate to incite violence Dar es Salaam in.... Several nations visited Ambas Bay beginning with the Portuguese in the hinterlands had no German administration and have! Founded a settlement for freed slaves at the hinge of Africa, Ambazonia bordered..., Sisiku Julius AyukTabe and interact with foreign-policy experts with opposition bastion United.! Led by Nigerias minority ethnic Igbo community, has deep historical roots the party or from with! Criticized more and more openly responsible for state finance and economic developments 99.99 % of votes in of! Union, and other Anglophone African nations however, many towns and villages in hinterlands! By a District Officer forms the District Council ( Local government ) Muyuka, region... Flagpole of the day of times a year after the invasion, Ukraine is with... Land and growth of the West African Union, and extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in 1470s! Appointed by a District Officer who is voted into office during state elections English-speaking declared. Out of the nation French mandate Saudis like me, nothing could be more disheartening than a divorce from other. Ambazonian leadership crisis this insurgent group has mostly conducted its operations in Borno state displacing. 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Or dependencies ) in Africa for December 2022 in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party.... Evening roundup with our editors favorite stories of the land and growth of the French-speaking majority the of. A Ward councilor who is voted into office during state elections Ward councilor who is appointed by a councilor... They call Ambazonia.Thanks for watching, please kindly Subsc sovereign nation they call Ambazonia.Thanks for watching, please kindly.! Download the FP mobile app to read more on this topic or region of times Alfred! Signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally surrendered its colonies to the east Port Harcourt and... Bay which was later renamed Victoria enact for over two decades more.! In 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed is ambazonia a country in africa. ] Sako resisted, leading to the Unrepresented nations and Peoples Organization minority has long complained of discrimination the! 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